Amoxapine

Amoxapine is a tricyclic antidepressant, with actions, adverse effects similar to that of amitriptyline. Amoxapine is one of the less sedating tricyclic and its antimuscarinic effects are mild. It inhibits reuptake of dopamine, noradrenalineand serotonin at the neuronal membrane. Onset of action appears to be more rapid than that of amitriptyline or imipramine. It was approved by FDA in 1980


Brands
Adult Dose
Dose: 200 to 300 mg/day
Single Dose: 250 (250)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: PO
Instructions: Three weeks constitutes an adequate period of trial providing dosage has reached 300 mg daily (or lower level of tolerance) for at least two weeks. If no response is seen at 300 mg, dosage may be increased, depending upon tolerance, up to 400 mg daily. Hospitalized patients who have been refractory to antidepressant therapy and who have no history of convulsive seizures may have dosage raised cautiously up to 600 mg daily in divided doses. Amoxapine may be given in a single daily dose, not to exceed 300 mg, preferably at bedtime. If the total daily dosage exceeds 300 mg, it should be given in divided doses.
Neonatal
Paedriatic
Characteristics
. It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Oxazepine. . The Molecular Weight of Amoxapine is 313.80. Its pKa is 7.2-7.8.
Contraindications
Amoxapine is contraindicated in conditions like Cardiac arrhythmia,Epilepsy,Mania,Myocardial infarction,Heart block,Narrow-angle glaucoma,Urinary retention.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Amoxapine, which give rise to further complications include Tardive dyskinesia, Seizures, Extrapyramidal symptoms.Amoxapine produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Agranulocytosis, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Acute hepatitis, Epidermal necrolysis. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Amoxapine therapy.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Amoxapine include Hypotension, Coma, Seizures, Drowsiness, Renal failure, Rhabdomyolysis, Acute tubular necrosis.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Amoxapine are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Constipation, Dry mouth, Blurred vision, Hallucination, Nasal stiffiness, Cardiac arrhythmias, Postural hypotension, Urinary hesitancy, Hyperprolactinemia, Clouding of consciousness, Reflex tachycardia, Erectile impotence, Anorgasmia in women.
Indications
Amoxapine is primarily indicated in conditions like Depression.
Interactions
Amoxapine is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAdrenalineAlcoholIncreased sedative effect when amoxapine given with alcohol.MajorClonidine (HCl)Amoxapine antagonises hypotensive effect of Clonidine, also increased risk of hypertension on clonidine withdrawal MajorLoprazolamTheoretical potential for LOPRAZOLAM increasing the SEDATIVE effect of AMOXAPINE. ModerateMay need to avoid combinationMazindolMolindoneConcurrent use with Molindone increases certain serious side effects.MoxifloxacinIncreased risk of ventricular arrhythmia when Amoxapine given with Sotalol.NabiloneConcurrent use may increase the efficacy of nabilone.Concurrent use should be avoided, or you may need dosage adjustments or special tests during treatment.Noradrenaline (Acid Tartrate)OxymorphoneCentral nervous system- and/or respiratory-depressant effects may be additively or synergistically increased in patients taking multiple drugs that cause these effects, especially in elderly or debilitated patients.ModerateDuring concomitant use of these drugs, patients should be monitored for potentially excessive or prolonged CNS and respiratory depression. Ambulatory patients should be made aware of the possibility of additive CNS effects (e.g., drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, confusion) and counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them. Patients should also be advised to notify their physician if they experience excessive or prolonged CNS effects that interfere with their normal activities.ParegoricCentral nervous system- and/or respiratory-depressant effects may be additively or synergistically increased in patients taking multiple drugs that cause these effects, especially in elderly or debilitated patients.ModerateDuring concomitant use of these drugs, patients should be monitored for potentially excessive or prolonged CNS and respiratory depression. Ambulatory patients should be made aware of the possibility of additive CNS effects (e.g., drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, confusion) and counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them. Patients should also be advised to notify their physician if they experience excessive or prolonged CNS effects that interfere with their normal activities.PhenobarbitoneAmoxapine antagonises antconvulsant effect of phenobarbitone; convuksive threshold lowered. Metabolism of amoxapine possibly accelerated; reduced plasma concentration. Phenytoin (Na)plasma concentration of amoxapine possibly reduced by Phenytoin (Na).PiribedilAmoxapine reduce the effect of piribedil.Sotalol (HCl)Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia when Amoxapine given with Sotalol.TerfenadineIncreased risk of ventricular arrhythmias when Amoxapine given with Terfenadine. ADVICE: Avoid concomitant use or only undertaken with caution and apprppriate monitoring.MajorVORICONAZOLEAdditive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for QTc prolongationVortioxetineincrease toxicity of vortioxetinemonitor closely, use alternative These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Risks
Drug should not be given to Pregnant Mothers, Cardiac / Hypertensive Patients, and patients suffering from Liver Malfunction.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Tab Store at room temperature.
Warnings
It should be withdrawn gradually to reduce the risk of withdrawal symptoms. It should be used with caution in patient with urinary retention, prostatic hyperplasia, chronic constipation, untreated angle closure glaucoma, with a history of epilepsy, cardiovascular disease and in pheochromocytoma.
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